Fall: the PSAT and a baseline
The PSAT/NMSQT in the fall of junior year is the one that counts for National Merit, and it is also a free full length run in the real app. Take it seriously, and do the same preparation you would do for the SAT, because the format and content domains are identical.
If your school does not offer it or you miss it, take an official Bluebook practice test instead, timed, in one sitting. You need a baseline before you plan anything else.
Either way, the useful output is the domain breakdown rather than the total. That is what tells you where to spend the next few months.
Line ℓ is shown in the xy-plane. What is the slope of line ℓ?
Winter: the content block
December through February is the best study window of the entire year. There are no spring exams, no application deadlines, and enough runway to fix actual content gaps rather than just habits.
Work domain by domain, weighted by how much of the test each one is. Algebra is about 35 percent of Math and Advanced Math is another 35 percent, so those two get most of the time. On the verbal side, Standard English Conventions is about 26 percent of the section and is the most teachable part of the whole test, because the rules are finite.
Practice in short sets of ten to fifteen questions on one skill at a time, and write one sentence on every miss explaining why you missed it. That running list becomes your study material later.
Spring: the first real sitting
March 6, 2027 is the natural first attempt. You have covered enough math by junior spring, you have had the winter to prepare, and you still have several dates left before applications are due.
May 1 and June 5 are the alternatives, but check your school calendar first. Early May is packed with exams at a lot of schools, and stacking an SAT into that window is a real conflict.
Register early. Test centers fill and the deadline for March 6 is February 19, at 11:59pm Eastern. Dates and deadlines can change, so confirm on collegeboard.org.
Summer: the retake
Most of the improvement between sittings shows up on the second attempt, because you know the format, you know the pacing, and you know your weak spots from a real score report rather than a practice one.
Summer is the easiest time to study properly, with no classes competing for the hours. Aim the work at whatever the spring score report flagged, and if your colleges superscore, focus on one section rather than splitting attention evenly.
The next dates after June 5, 2027 fall in the following fall cycle, so plan your summer study to land on an early fall date. Leave at least six to eight weeks between sittings. Anything shorter and you have not had time to change anything.
What else junior year is for
Grades still outweigh the SAT at most colleges, and junior year grades are the last full year admissions officers see. Do not trade a GPA point for 30 SAT points.
Build the college list this year too, and note each school's middle 50 percent SAT range from its Common Data Set, plus whether it superscores and whether it requires scores at all. Those three facts decide your entire testing plan, and they are much easier to gather in the spring than in October of senior year.
If you are starting late
If it is already spring of junior year and you have done nothing, that is fine. Take a timed practice test this week, register for the next date that gives you six or more weeks, and spend those weeks on execution errors and grammar rather than trying to relearn all of Algebra 2.
Junior year is early. The genuinely late scenario is senior fall with no score and an early deadline in November, and you are not there.