The short answer
Plan for two, leave room for a third. The first sitting gives you a real score under real conditions, which no practice test fully replicates. The second is where most of the improvement shows up, because you know the format and you know your weak spots.
A third is worth it if there is a specific, fixable reason the second went badly, like running out of time in one module or a topic you have since learned. A fourth and fifth are usually not, because at that point you are repeating the same performance and burning weekends you could spend on the rest of your application.
What is the mean (average) of the following data set: 6, 16, 18, 23, 27?
What actually improves between sittings
Be skeptical of any specific average improvement figure you see quoted. Those numbers depend heavily on who is in the sample, and students who retake are self selected toward the ones who think they can do better.
What does reliably improve is familiarity. Knowing the app, the pacing, the break, and what the room feels like removes a category of mistake that has nothing to do with content. That is the main reason a second sitting tends to go better than a first.
Content improvement between sittings requires actual studying. Retaking without changing anything about your preparation is a reasonable way to spend a Saturday and a poor way to raise a score.
Many colleges superscore, meaning they take your highest Reading and Writing section score from any date and your highest Math section score from any date and combine them.
Superscoring
Many colleges superscore, meaning they take your highest Reading and Writing section score from any date and your highest Math section score from any date and combine them. A 700 Reading and Writing in October and a 720 Math in March becomes a 1420 even if neither sitting produced that total.
This makes retaking more attractive than it looks, because a bad section on your retake does not erase a good section from your first sitting. It also means you can focus your preparation on one section at a time.
Not every college superscores, and some that do ask you to send every score report. Check each school's testing policy page rather than assuming.
Timing your sittings
The common pattern is a first SAT in the spring of junior year, a retake in the summer or early fall of senior year, and a final backup date in the fall. That leaves scores in hand before early application deadlines.
The upcoming dates are October 3, November 7, and December 5 of 2026, then March 6, May 1, and June 5 of 2027. If you are applying early action or early decision, the October and November dates are usually the last that arrive in time, though you should confirm each college's deadline for score receipt.
Leave at least six to eight weeks between sittings. Anything shorter and you have not had time to change what you are doing, so you are paying to take the same test again.
When to stop
Stop when your score is inside the middle 50 percent range of the schools on your list, or when two consecutive sittings land within about 30 points of each other. That flat line is a signal that more sittings will not move it without a different preparation approach.
There is also an opportunity cost. Essays, recommendations, and grades all compete for the same fall weeks, and they are usually worth more marginal attention than a fourth test date.